![]() ![]() Middle Ages and Renaissance īurgundian scribe Jean Miélot in his scriptorium (15th century)Ĭhristian monasteries in Europe are credited with keeping the institution of libraries alive after the fall of the Roman Empire. A later librarian of the same library was Gaius Julius Hyginus, a grammarian. ![]() For example, Pompeius Macer, the first librarian of Augustus' library, was a praetor, an office that combined both military and judicial duties. While scholars were employed in librarian roles in the various emperors' libraries, there was no specific office or role that qualified an individual to be a librarian. Many Roman emperors included public libraries into their political propaganda to win favor from citizens. Others, such as Lucullus, took on the role of lending librarian by sharing scrolls in their collection. Many of these aristocrats, such as Cicero, kept the contents of their private libraries to themselves, only boasting of the enormity of his collection. Near the end of the Roman Republic and the beginning of the Roman Empire, it was common for Roman aristocrats to hold private libraries in their home. The librarians at Alexandria were considered the "custodians of learning". The pinakes contained 120 scrolls arranged into ten subject classes each class was then subdivided, listing authors alphabetically by titles. Most notably, Callimachus created what is considered to be the first subject catalog of the library holdings, called the pinakes. These scholars contributed significantly to the collection and cataloging of the wide variety of scrolls in the library's collection. It was notable for its famous librarians: Demetrius, Zenodotus, Eratosthenes, Apollonius, Aristophanes, Aristarchus, and Callimachus. The Great Library of Alexandria, created by Ptolemy I after the death of Alexander the Great in 323 BC, was created to house the entirety of Greek literature. All of these tablets were cataloged and arranged in logical order by subject or type, each having an identification tag. We know of at least one "keeper of the books" who was employed to oversee the thousands of tablets on Sumerian and Babylonian materials, including literary texts history omens astronomical calculations mathematical tables grammatical and linguistic tables dictionaries and commercial records and laws. Ashurbanipal was the first individual in history to introduce librarianship as a profession. Sometime in the 8th century BC, Ashurbanipal, King of Assyria, created a library at his palace in Nineveh in Mesopotamia. ![]() The extent of their specific duties is unknown. ![]() "Masters of the books" or "keepers of the tablets" were scribes or priests who were trained to handle the vast amount and complexity of these records. The Sumerians were the first to train clerks to keep records of accounts. Roles and responsibilities vary widely depending on the type of library, the specialty of the librarian, and the functions needed to maintain collections and make them available to its users.Įducation for librarianship has changed over time to reflect changing roles. From the earliest libraries in the ancient world to the modern information hub, there have been keepers and disseminators of the information held in data stores. The role of the librarian has changed much over time, with the past century in particular bringing many new media and technologies into play. A librarian is a person who works professionally in a library providing access to information, and sometimes social or technical programming, or instruction on information literacy to users. ![]()
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